TY  - BOOK
AU  - Polly Chua-Chan, MD. ; Macario Reandelar MD. ; Mrs. Alicia A. Aldave, RMT, MHPEd
AU  - Felizarte, Frederick Maigne M.
AU  - Domingo, Trixia Marie B.
AU  - Manalo, Graciel S.
AU  - Mandanas, Ezra Joanna B.
AU  - Melendres, Ma, Cristina Sybyl F.
AU  - Obogne, Rushelle A.
AU  - Silagan, Kimberly M.
ED  - 
TI  - The Effectiveness of kamias (averrhoa bilimbi) extract as decolorizer gram negative and gram positive bacteria in staining procedure / 
AV  - MT 2010 0012 
PY  - 2010///
CY  - Fairview, Quezon City
PB  - School of Medical Technology, FEU-NRMF
N1  - Includes appendices and bibliographical references; THMT
N2  - Abstract: This study is the effectiveness of the Averhoa Bilimbi (kamias) pure extract to be a decolorizer of Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacteria in Gram staining procedure. There are four basic steps in Gram staining which include applying a Primary stain-Crystal Violet, followed by adding a Mordant - Gram's Iodine, and then decolorize with 95% Ethyl Alcohol, and Counterstaining with Safranin - Basic Fuchsin. The Gram positive cell due to its multilayered nature of its peptidoglycan and has a thick cell wall should not be decolorized that will remain its purple color while the Gram negative cell lose its outer membrane because of its thin cell wall that will decolorized the Crystal Violet and will give a pink or red color after counterstain with Safranin. The study uses a bacterial suspension of E. coli as Gram bacteria and S. aureus as Gram positive bacteria. The Averhoa Bilimbi (kamias) extract is prepared in pure form. It is blended and sqeezed using cheesecloth and placed in a clean container. This study uses the grading system of 0, + and ++ to determine the degree of decolorization and integrity of the said bacteria. It is found out that E. coli can be decolorized in thirty, sixty and ninety seconds and its integrity remained intact in all fields seen with pink color. Statistically, it has no significant difference between the kamias and ethyl alcohol with a p-value of 1. However, in S. aureus it can be partially decolorized in thirty seconds and its integrity did not remained intact in all fields. Statistically, it means that there is a significant difference between kamias and ethyl alcohol with a p-value of 0.02. During sixty and ninety seconds, S. aureus cannot be decolorized and its integrity remained intact with violet color. Statistically, it means that there is no significant difference between the kamias and ethyl alcohol with a p-value of 1. It is concluded that the Averrhoa Bilimbi (kamias) pure extract can be used as a decolorizer and its integrity remained intact in all fields
ER  -