000			03467nam a22003257a 4500
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003			PILC
005			20240720152839.0
008			170111b xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_cFEU-NRMF MEDICAL LIBRARY
050			_aMT 2010 0012
100			_aPolly Chua-Chan, MD. ; Macario Reandelar MD. ; Mrs. Alicia A. Aldave, RMT, MHPEd _eadviser
111			_dMarch 2010 _e4MTB
245			_aThe Effectiveness of kamias (averrhoa bilimbi) extract as decolorizer gram negative and gram positive bacteria in staining procedure / _cFrederick Maigne M. Felizarte ; Trixia Marie B. Domingo ; Graciel S. Manalo ; Ezra Joanna B. Mandanas ; Ma. Cristina Sybyl F. Melendres ; Rushelle A. Obogne and Kimberly M. Silagan.
260			_aFairview, Quezon City _bSchool of Medical Technology, FEU-NRMF, _cMarch 2010
300			_a27 pages: _billustrations, tables, photos; _c28 cm.
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
504			_aIncludes appendices and bibliographical references.
520			_aAbstract: This study is the effectiveness of the Averhoa Bilimbi (kamias) pure extract to be a decolorizer of Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacteria in Gram staining procedure. There are four basic steps in Gram staining which include applying a Primary stain-Crystal Violet, followed by adding a Mordant - Gram's Iodine, and then decolorize with 95% Ethyl Alcohol, and Counterstaining with Safranin - Basic Fuchsin. The Gram positive cell due to its multilayered nature of its peptidoglycan and has a thick cell wall should not be decolorized that will remain its purple color while the Gram negative cell lose its outer membrane because of its thin cell wall that will decolorized the Crystal Violet and will give a pink or red color after counterstain with Safranin. The study uses a bacterial suspension of E. coli as Gram bacteria and S. aureus as Gram positive bacteria. The Averhoa Bilimbi (kamias) extract is prepared in pure form. It is blended and sqeezed using cheesecloth and placed in a clean container. This study uses the grading system of 0, + and ++ to determine the degree of decolorization and integrity of the said bacteria. It is found out that E. coli can be decolorized in thirty, sixty and ninety seconds and its integrity remained intact in all fields seen with pink color. Statistically, it has no significant difference between the kamias and ethyl alcohol with a p-value of 1. However, in S. aureus it can be partially decolorized in thirty seconds and its integrity did not remained intact in all fields. Statistically, it means that there is a significant difference between kamias and ethyl alcohol with a p-value of 0.02. During sixty and ninety seconds, S. aureus cannot be decolorized and its integrity remained intact with violet color. Statistically, it means that there is no significant difference between the kamias and ethyl alcohol with a p-value of 1. It is concluded that the Averrhoa Bilimbi (kamias) pure extract can be used as a decolorizer and its integrity remained intact in all fields.
521			_aTHMT
700			_aFelizarte, Frederick Maigne M. _eauthor
700			_aDomingo, Trixia Marie B. _eauthor
700			_aManalo, Graciel S. _eauthor
700			_aMandanas, Ezra Joanna B. _eauthor
700			_aMelendres, Ma, Cristina Sybyl F. _eauthor
700			_aObogne, Rushelle A. _eauthor
700			_aSilagan, Kimberly M. _eauthor
942			_2lcc _cTH